Urological issues can often be complex and often intimidating, let us debunk and explain the most commonly asked questions!

1. Should I get screened for prostate cancer and when? 

Screening for prostate cancer usually involves a PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test and a digital rectal exam (DRE). Most guidelines (such as the American Urological Association and USPSTF) recommend shared decision-making starting at age 50 for men at average risk. If you are African American or have a family history of prostate cancer (father, brother, or multiple relatives), discussions should begin earlier, often around age 40–45.  The decision depends on your age, health, risk factors, and preferences. 

2. What are the warning signs of prostate problems? 

If you notice trouble starting urination, a weak or interrupted stream, frequent trips to the bathroom, blood in your urine, or pelvic discomfort, it may be related to your prostate. While these symptoms are common with age, they should never be ignored. A urologist can help determine the cause and provide treatment options. 

3. Why do I urinate so frequently, especially at night? 

Common causes include: 

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): prostate enlargement that restricts urine flow. 
  • Excess fluid intake in the evening, especially caffeine or alcohol. 
  • Medical conditions like diabetes, sleep apnea, heart failure, or certain medications (e.g., diuretics). 
  • Bladder overactivity or infection. 

If it’s bothersome, a urologist can check your prostate, bladder, and urine, and suggest tailored treatment (lifestyle changes, medications, or procedures). 

4. How do I know if my urinary symptoms are from an enlarged prostate (BPH): 

An enlarged prostate, or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can make it harder for urine to flow. Signs include difficulty starting, a weak stream, dribbling after urination, urgency, and waking up multiple times at night. A simple exam and urine test can help confirm the cause. 

5. When should I see a urologist about blood in my urine? 

Even a single episode of visible blood in the urine should be taken seriously. Causes range from infections and kidney stones to more serious conditions like bladder or kidney cancer. If you notice blood, schedule an evaluation promptly. 

6. What should I do if I suddenly cannot urinate? 

If you are unable to pass urine at all, this is a medical emergency. Seek care right away, either by calling your doctor’s office or going to the emergency department. 

7. What can I do about erectile dysfunction (ED)? 

ED can be caused by vascular issues, nerve problems, hormones, medications, or stress. First steps: 

  • Lifestyle: improve sleep, exercise, quit smoking, limit alcohol, maintain healthy weight. 
  • Medical review: check for diabetes, low testosterone, high blood pressure, or medication side effects. 

Treatment options may include: 

  • Oral medications (PDE5 inhibitors like sildenafil/Viagra, tadalafil/Cialis). 
  • Vacuum devices, injections, or surgical implants if pills aren’t effective. 
  • Counseling if stress, anxiety, or relationship issues play a role. 

8. I’ve had kidney stones in the past, how can I prevent them in the future? 

Kidney stone prevention depends on stone type, but general strategies are: 

  • Hydration: Drink enough water to produce at least 2–2.5 liters of urine/day. 
  • Dietary adjustments:
    • Limit excess salt and animal protein. 
    • Avoid very high doses of vitamin C. 
    • Don’t overly restrict calcium—normal calcium intake is protective. 
  • Medical management: If stones recur, a urologist may order a 24-hour urine test to tailor prevention (e.g., thiazide diuretics for calcium stones, citrate supplements for uric acid or calcium oxalate stones). 

9. What causes blood in semen?

Often benign, but evaluation can rule out infection,  inflammation, or rarely cancer. 

Although alarming, blood in semen is often not serious. It can result from inflammation, infection, or irritation of the prostate or seminal vesicles. Rarely, it may indicate a more significant problem. If it persists, a urologist can provide reassurance and treatment. 

10. Can low testosterone affect my health? 

Yes. Low testosterone can cause fatigue, low sex drive, decreased muscle mass, mood changes, and trouble concentrating. If you’re experiencing these symptoms, a simple blood test can help determine if testosterone is a factor, and treatments are available. 

If you still have questions about your urological issues, make an appointment with our specialist, Dr. David Hall, at Henry Community Health Urology by calling 765-599-3888